The Marathas emerged in central India and the Deccan to oppose the Muslim power. The former Maratha empire included the modern states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Shivaji (1627 - 1680 AD)
Shivaji was the founder of Maratha dynasty.
He was born at Shivner. His father was Shaji Bhonsle and mother Jijabai. His teacher was Dadaji Kondadev. The poet saints Ramdas and Tuka Ram played a great influence in the life of Shivaji.
Shivaji was crowned at Raigarh and assumed the title 'Chatrapathi'. He captured the fortress of Torna in 1647. In 1665 the Treaty of Purandhar was signed between Shivaji and Jai Singh.
Shivaji introduced a good administrative system. His cabinet or ministry (eight ministers) was known as Ashtapradhan. Peshwa or Prime Minister was the Chief of Ashtapradhan.
Annaji - the Revenue officer of the Marathas.
Chaudh and Sardeshmuki are the two taxes collected by the Marathas.
Tara Bai set up a rival court at Kohlapur.
The Peshwas became the rulers of Marathas after the death of Shivaji.
The first Peshwa was Balaji Viswanath and Baji Rao was the most famous Peshwa.
Balaji Baji Rao (1740 - 61). He was popularly known as Nana Saheb. He died in 1761.
In the third battle of Panipat between the Marathas and Ahmed Shah Abdali in 1761, the Maratha power was crushed.
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