Babar or Zahirudin Muhammad (1526 - 30)
Babur is the founder of Mughal empire. He defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat on 20th April, 1526. He defeated Rana Sanga in the battle of Khanwa in 1527 AD and occupied Agra. He defeated the Afghans in the battle of Ghaghara in 1529 AD. Babar died on December 26, 1530 and was buried at Kabul. Babur's autobiography is 'Tuzuk-i-Baburi'.
He was the first once to entitle himself at the 'Badshah'.
He was the first to bring Kabul and Kandahar into the Indian empire.
Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun, the eldest son of Babar succeeded him. He had to face a lot of obstacles from his relatives and the Afghans. The biggest threat to Humayun came from Sher Shah, an Afghan leader. Sher Shah defeated Humayun in the battle of Chausa (1539) and in the battle of Kanauj (1540). Humayun lost his empire and escaped to Persia. While he was in exile, his son Akbar was born in 1542 at Amarkot. Humayun recaptured his thorne in 1555. He died in 1556, following a fall from his library.
His sister, Gulbadan Begam wrote his autobiography "Humayunnama in Persian".
Sher Shah Sur (1540 - 1555 AD)
Sher Shah is the most important ruler of Sur dynasty. Sher Shah captured Delhi after defeating Humayun. His original name was Farid.
Sher Shah is remembered in Indian history for his administrative reforms. He introduced one rupee coin.
The Grand Trunk Road connecting Calcutta nd Peshwar was built by him.
He introduced a Silver coin-rupee
His revenue system was excellent and hence Akbar adopted it.
He died in 1545. Sher Shah's tomb is at Sasram (Bihar)
Humayun defeated the last Sur ruler. Sikander Sur in 1555.
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